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[No. 02] Harm of zinc. The following is an excerpt from Chiara Canzi, “Turf v. grass: Have county schools rushed to judgment on the safety of synthetic turf?,” in Charlottesville News and Arts, January 13, 2009, available at

http://c-ville.com/index.php?cat=121304062461064&ShowArticle_ID=11801201093638869 :

Although lead seems to have attracted the most attention, some believe another harmful chemical is found in the rubber. “The ground-up rubber tires have just a ton of zinc,” says Nancy Alderman, president of Environment and Human, Health Inc. Alderman’s organization is a Connecticut-based nonprofit that has questioned the safety of these synthetic turf fields for years. A study by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill cites cardiovascular damage as a possible consequence of continued exposure to zinc. A study by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services linked high levels of zinc to a decline in plant growth. With as little as 2 percent of zinc mixed with sand, plants stopped growing as a direct cause of zinc’s toxicity. In addition to zinc, the rubber could contain other metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead or selenium, according to Alderman.


[No. 01] In 2007, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) in Bilthoven, Netherlands  (www.rivm.nl) issued a study that examined the health and enviormental impact of zinc from artitfcial turf fields. Conducted for the benefit of the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, the study focused on on the release of zinc from the rubber infill of soccer fields, i.e. the zinc load, the distribution of zinc between the soil, roundwater and surface water. The study showed that zinc from the rubber infill is either emitted mainly to the surface water (when a drainage system has been constructed on clay or peat soils) or mainly to groundwater (in naturally well-drained sandy soils). The study also showed that the predicted concentrations of zinc in soil, under typical Dutch drainage conditions, also exceeds environmental quality standards. “The predicted zinc load is relatively high,” stated the study, exceeding even the zinc criteria in the Dutch Building Materials Decree. The leaching rate of zinc from rubber crumbs, the study found, was up to 20 times greater than the local leaching of zinc from agricultural applications of manure and pesticides. 

See  A.J. Verschoor, “Leaching” of zinc from rubber infill on artificial turf (football pitches),” Bilthoven, Netherlands: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM Report No. 601774001/2007, March 12, 2007, available via http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/601774001.html, or directly at http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/601774001.pdf. 

 


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